Alkaline
Batteries
The
most popular battery composition is alkaline. Alkaline batteries have a sloped
discharge curve. Their voltage gradually drops off over the life of the battery
until eventually, the battery is no longer usable. Although the discharge curve
is sloped, it is still flatter than zinc-chloride and carbon batteries.
Alkaline batteries can deliver up to 80% of their original capacity after being
stored for four years. This makes alkaline batteries ideal for emergency
devices such as flashlights, radios, and TVs.
Alkaline
batteries are 8 to 10 times more powerful than the zinc-chloride or zinc-carbon
batteries. They’re very good for use in high-current applications, such as
motorized toys and portable TVs. Since they are able to emit large amounts of
current for short periods of time without significant voltage loss, alkaline
batteries are also ideal for photo flash units.
Lithium
Batteries
Lithium
batteries are great for long-term use. They last 2-3 times longer than alkaline
batteries. Lithium batteries also perform well n extreme temperatures and are
an excellent choice for devices such as smoke detectors and wireless alarm
systems. These batteries are able to ahndle excessive current applications,
like CD players and portable computer equipment. The discharge curve of a
lithium battery is similar to that of an alkaline battery; however, some
lithium batteries have shelf lives of up to 10 years!
Nickel-cadimum
Nickel-cadmium
(Ni-Cd) batteries introduce a different spectrum of battery use. Once these batteries
have reached the end of their effective lifespan, they may be recharged over
and over again, up to 300 times. Ni-Cd batteries feature a flat discharge
curve, which means they will deliver their full voltage for a length of time,
then suddenly discharge. This works well in motor-driven devices, such as RC
cars and CD players.
Hi-capacity
Ni-Cd
Hi-capacity
Ni-CD batteries are a great step-up from standard Ni-Cd batteries because of
greater current capacity. The voltage rating on hi-capacity Ni-Cd batteries are
the same as standard Ni-Cd batteires. One major disadvantage of Ni0Cd batteries
is the cell capacity. The cells in Ni-Cd
batteries produce only 1.25 volts each. Batteries with multiple cells are usually
rated in multiples of 1.2 volts. For example, the 9 volt equivalent Ni-Cd
battery only provides 7.2 volts (6 cells x 1.2 volts). As a result, Ni-Cd
batteries are not recommended for voltage-dependent devices such as clocks.
Rechargeable
Alkaline
Rechargeable
Alkaline batteries are yet another option. They have the advantage of having
the exact same voltage as standard alkalines, so they are interchangeable in
every situation. Unlike any of the other rechargeables, they come charged and
ready to use (because they do not lose their charge as quickly as the others).
Rechargeable alkaline batteries cannot be recharged as many times as other
rechargeable batteries, however. An absolute maximum is about 100 times, but
the maximum voltage is reduced as the number of cycles increases.
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